Rules of Thumb: If it's attacked by insects, it's probably a native. If it's got minute flowers, it's probably a native. |
Stat' | Notes | Thumbnails: 442. 107 introduced species listed, with 63 on Ellura |
Animals (Animalia) - Jointed Legs (Arthropoda) - Spiders, Scorpions, Mites & Ticks (Arachnida) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Spiders Araneae (4 species 3 from Ellura) | Daddy Long Legs Pholcidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Long-bodied Daddy Long-legs Pholcus cf phalangioides | If e m |
Imaged 4(3F) in Apr(2:1F), Oct(1F) & Nov(1F) | |||
Spiders Araneae (4 species 3 from Ellura) | Daddy Long Legs Pholcidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Daddy Long-legs Smeringopus cf natalensis | If e m |
Thank you Mark Newton for identifying this species for us ~5-7mm. Very difficult to be certain of species, with out proper examination (as with many of the spiders here). This genus is unusual for a spider in that the male & female are the same size. Imaged 3(1M,2F) in Jan(2:1M,1F) & Mar(1F) | |||
Spiders Araneae (4 species 3 from Ellura) | Comb-footed Spider Theridiidae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Redback Latrodectus hasseltii iNaturalist | Ir e m a |
Thank you Anthony Paul for confirming the id of this species for us A poisonous spider that can be lethal, but very, very rarely. Poisoning usually occurs due to picking up material off the ground without gloves. They love corrugated iron. They are generally black with a dark red diamond shaped stripe on their abdomen which extends from the top all the way round underneath. The stripe goes bright red when threatened. Diagnostically only the red hour glass underneath is relevant. As such, they can be missing the red stripe on top, are often brown not black, and also often have white stripes. These originated in the North-western Deserts of South Australia. They have become cosmopolitan (ie travel with humans) to other locations outside their native range. Imaged 50(16M,31F,15J) in Jan(11:2M,9F,7J), Feb(11:1M,7F,4J), Mar(4:2M,2F), Apr(2F), Jun(1M), Jul(1M), Aug(1M), Sep(2:1M,1F,1J), Oct(8:3M,5F,3J), Nov(4:1M,3F) & Dec(5:3M,2F) | |||
Spiders Araneae (4 species 3 from Ellura) | Comb-footed Spider Theridiidae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Cupboard Spider Steatoda cf grossa | If a |
These will make you sick for a few days if bitten. It's related to the redback, so it's quite understandable. It's possibly a different species (as with the case with all our inverts), but S. grossa originated in Canada. Imaged 6(2M,4F) in Jan(1F), Feb(2:1M,1F), Aug(2:1M,1F) & Sep(1F) | |||
Mites Trombidiformes (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Earth Mite Penthaleidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Red-legged Earth Mite Halotydeus destructor iNaturalist | If e m a |
~1mm long Imaged 3 in Oct(2) & Nov(1) |
Animals (Animalia) - Jointed Legs (Arthropoda) - Insects (Insecta) - Introduced Species | ||||||||
Cockroaches Blattodea (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Cockroach Blattidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Oriental Cockroach Blatta orientalis | If a | Imaged 1 in Oct | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | Ladybird Coccinellidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Variegated Ladybird Hippodamia variegata | If e m | As it's name suggests, a very variable species. Usually with white stripes on it's pronotum, but sometimes not. Introduced from Europe and used as a biological control of cotton aphids in crops, it is now wide spread and an environmental pest. Our apologies for the moth scales interfering with these photo's. They were shed in the container by the previous occupant, not part of this species. Imaged 6 in Mar(1), Nov(4) & Dec(1) | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | True Weevil Curculionoidea: Curculionidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Sitona Weevil Sitona discoideus | If e m | Imaged 3 in Oct(2) & Nov(1) | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | Skin Beetle Dermestidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Varied Carpet Beetle Anthrenus verbasci iNaturalist | If e m a | Similar Species: Brown Globular Springtail (Symphypleona sp ES01) Thank you Lila (FairyPossum) for confirming the id of this species for us A small beetle, ~3mm long, that has cost millions to protect against severely damaging the world's museum specimens. Imaged 7(1J) in May(1J), Sep(1) & Oct(5) | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | Scarab Beetle Scarabaeidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Sandy Dung Beetle Euoniticellus fulvus | If a | Imaged 1 in Oct | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | Darkling Beetle Tenebrionidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Egyptian Beetle Blaps polychresta iNaturalist | If e m c |
Thank you Dr Chris Lambkin & Mark Hura for confirming the id of this species for us Large black beetle, approximately 35mm (40mm including elytra extension) long, with a projection out the rear end of the elytra. Imaged 3 in Feb(1) & Mar(2) | ||||
Beetles Coleoptera (6 species 5 from Ellura) | Darkling Beetle Tenebrionidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Little Sardinian Beetle Cheirodes sardous iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Mark Hura for identifying this species for us ~5mm long. We suspected they were introduced as we found them in the kitchen and assumed they had transported in from flowers or veggies. But the records showing distribution seem higher in Southern Australia than the rest of the world; indicating they originated here. Mark said "Introduced here from Nthn Africa/Mediterranean. The first records of it here are from WA in the 1920's and they have been recorded here in SA since the 1960's" We also found a couple of records from Victoria in 1943. This implies it's been in SA longer than we thought. We'd expect them to travel thru SA from WA toward Victoria; unless it was a separate introduction. Interestingly these seem rare in their countries of origin ... perhaps we can catch them & ship them back Imaged 1 in Sep | ||||
Earwigs Dermaptera (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Earwig Forficulidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | European Earwig Forficula auricularia iNaturalist | If e m a p | Thank you David Muirhead for confirming the id of this species for us ~14mm long plus pincers are a further ~7mm. Found in the kitchen, so most likely came from produce (fresh vegetables). Imaged 3(2M,1F,1J) in Feb(1M), Aug(1:1F,1J) & Nov(1M) | ||||
Flies Diptera (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Bush Fly Muscidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Common House Fly Musca domestica iNaturalist | If e m r | Thank you Tony Daley & Sarah-Jayne Hucks
for confirming the id of this species for us ~6mm long. Very annoying little flies that keep pestering; trying to fly into your eyes, ears, mouth, etc. Imaged 11 in Mar(1), Apr(1), May(6), Jun(1) & Oct(2) | ||||
Flies Diptera (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Bot Fly Oestridae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Sheep Nasal Bot Fly Oestrus ovis iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Dr Chris Lambkin for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 4 in Mar(1), Apr(2) & Nov(1) | ||||
Flies Diptera (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Hover Fly Syrphidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Wasp-mimicking Hover Fly Ceriana ornata ssp ornata iNaturalist | Ir e m | Thank you Reiner Richter for confirming the id of this species for us This is primarily a Qld species that invades bee hives. As we have no native bee hives in SA, we suspect they've travelled south using/breeding/surviving thru European bee hives. Andras Szito (WA DPIRD) said "I believe your suspicion is well founded. I am aware of (sometimes large scale) movement of used bee hives between the states. If some brought in some used, uncleaned hives with some dead combs in them from Qld where Ceriana is quite common then there is a high likelihood that there were viable Ceriana in it. I guess it is well adapted to European bee hives that contains a lot greater amount of honey than native bees." Thanks for your thoughts Andras ergo It is also introduced. Imaged 2 in Apr(1) & Dec(1) | ||||
True Bugs Hemiptera (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Leafhopper Hopper: Membracoidea, Cicadellidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Tamarix Leafhopper Opsius stactogalus iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Solomon Hendrix for identifying this species for us Here's an Australian gov' site: NSW DPI The antennae are quite long and thin with these (you have to look closely at the 1st photo to see it). There are slight differences with above link and our photo's but this could be due to head tilt & dead vs alive specimens. Imaged 1 in Feb | ||||
Ant Bee Wasps Hymenoptera (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Long-tongued Bee Bee: Apidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | European Honey Bee Apis mellifera iNaturalist | If e m a c |
Thank you Dr John Ascher, Frank Prinz, Terra Occ & HowardDC for confirming the id of this species for us Most people think of these insects in a positive light, but like all introduced species are an environmental headache and should be eradicated where possible. Please don't allow bee keepers to use your bush block for bees. Would you allow someone to plough your native vegetation to grow crops? European Bees are just as devastating, but the damage is hidden (eg using up precious hollows used by our birds and reptiles), spreading over many kilometres to neighbouring properties & reserves. Our native bees are also less aggressive and solitary (in SA). If you thought all European Bees don't look alike, you'd be right. Peri Coleman said "There are three main races of bees in Australia, and a very few of two other races. Main races used by bee keepers: 1. Italian (yellow banded): have 5 yellow bands, but the Ligurian sub-race has less than 5 yellow bands & have a yellow queen. The Ligurian bees of Kangaroo Island are a sub-race of Italian bees, and the early settlement bees were blackish coloured "Black Germans", but I don't know if any of these are still cultivated 2. Caucasian (bigger, grey): are dark grey, hardly banded at all, and have a long body 3. Carniolan (smallest): have creamy light bands which gives them a greyish look, and are smaller than Italians. They have a dark queen. Quarantine in North Queensland keeps a close eye out for Asian honeybees as they are likely to bring in Nosema disease. It is considered they are most likely to get here via shipping to a northern port or by island hopping from New Guinea." Imaged 28 in Jan(2), Feb(1), Mar(4), Apr(2), May(1), Jun(2), Aug(4), Sep(3), Oct(4), Nov(3) & Dec(2) | ||||
Ant Bee Wasps Hymenoptera (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Potter Wasp Wasp: Vespidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | European Wasp Vespula germanica iNaturalist | If a |
Thank you Mark Hura & Dave Holland for confirming the id of this species for us There are two very similar introduced wasps in South Australia. This one & the much less common English Wasp (Vespula vulgaris). You probably couldn't tell the difference between them with the naked eye. But with photo's the difference becomes evident. This one has a solid yellow band behind the eye; V. vulgaris has a black patch in the band behind the eye. This one has a thin vertical black line on the face with a black dot either side in the yellow; V. vulgaris has a fat vertical black line on the face with no dots. The queen looks the same as the worker, with the only reliable differentiation being size. The queen ~20mm long; while the worker is ~14mm long. The big surprise for us after photographing one was realising how hairy they are. The look very smooth and hairless with the naked eye. They are one of the most aggressive wasps in Australia; attacking just because you are too close to YOUR picnic lunch. Probably second only to the European Honeybee. Thank you to Dave Holland for pointing out that males have long antenna and 7 terga of abdomen rather than 6; and are stingless. Imaged 5(3F) in Mar(1F), May(1F), Jul(1F), Nov(1) & Dec(1) | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Oecophorid Moth :Gelechioidea Oecophoridae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Brown House Moth Hofmannophila pseudospretella iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Prof Victor W Fazio III for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Jan | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Leaf Miner :Gracillarioidea Gracillariidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Echium Leaf Miner Dialectica scalariella iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Leon Crang for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Apr | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Plume Moth :Pterophorioidea Pterophoridae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Horehound Plume Moth Wheeleria spilodactylus iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Donald Hobern for confirming the id of this species for us ~9mm long, ~17mm natural wingspan. It has striped legs and striped wings. Imaged 9(2J) in Jan(1), Feb(1), Mar(3:1J), Oct(3) & Dec(1J) | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Grass Moth :Pyraloidea Pyralidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Greater Wax Moth Galleria mellonella iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Prof Victor W Fazio III for confirming the id of this species for us ~14mm long, ~33mm wingspan. Imaged 1 in Nov | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Grass Moth :Pyraloidea Pyralidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Indian Meal Moth Plodia interpunctella iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Prof Victor W Fazio III for confirming the id of this species for us ~7mm long, ~17mm wingspan Imaged 1 in Dec | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Diamondback Moth :Yponomeutoid Plutellidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Cabbage Moth Plutella cf xylostella | If a |
Thank you Alan Melville for confirming the id of this species for us This introduced species is highly variable in it's colours. The antennae always have banding, however, and point forward. Imaged 2 in Oct | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | Brown Butterfly Papilionoidea: Nymphalidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Foreign Wanderer Danaus plexippus iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Alan Melville for confirming the id of this species for us While this butterfly comes from the Americas. It's only food source is the introduced Milkweed. There is some discussion if it arrives under it's own steam to the Eastcoast of Australia. Even so, it wouldn't be able to propogate without the weed. Regardless, it's not native to SA. Imaged 5(2M,2F) in Mar(1M), Apr(2:1F), May(1F) & Jun(1M) | ||||
Butterflies & Moths Lepidoptera (8 species 5 from Ellura) | White & Yellow Butterfly Papilionoidea: Pieridae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Small Cabbage White Pieris rapae iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Matt Endacott, Karen Weaving & Leon Crang for confirming the id of this species for us Males have one black spot per forewing, while females have 2. They both have one spot on each hindwing. This is not obvious and it's easy to confuse the male's forewing spot and hindwing spot as 2 spots on one wing; looking like a female. Larvae are green, with a pale yellow/green line along it's back. Yellow spotting around it's spiricles and 4 tiny ocelli (eyes) per side. Imaged 19(7M,7F,1J) in Jan(2:1M), Feb(2:1M,1F), Mar(2F), Apr(2:1M,1F), Jul(1), Aug(3:1M,1F), Sep(2:1F), Oct(2:1M,1F), Nov(1M) & Dec(2:1M,1J) |
Animals (Animalia) - Jointed Legs (Arthropoda) - Crustaceans (Malacostraca) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Peracarid Crustaceans Isopoda (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Terrestrial Crustacean Armadillidiidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Pill Bug Armadillidium vulgare iNaturalist | If a |
Thank you Grant Schiermeyer for confirming the id of this species for us Interestingly, Atlas only has 2 species described in this family and they are both introduced. Notice the trapezoidal telson of this family mentioned by Grant above. We think the colour variation is due to the specimen #4 recently moulting. Specimen #7 is the colour of an older specimen. Imaged 7 in Jan(1), Mar(3), Sep(1), Oct(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Peracarid Crustaceans Isopoda (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Terrestrial Crustacean Porcellionidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Common Rough Woodlouse Porcellio scaber iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Matt Campbell for confirming the id of this species for us ~10mm long Imaged 1 in Nov |
Animals (Animalia) - Chordates (Chordata) - Ray-finned Fish (Actinopterygii) - Introduced Species | ||||||
Minnows Cypriniformes (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Carp Cyprinidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | European Carp Cyprinus carpio iNaturalist | If r | Thank you nj852 for confirming the id of this species for us This one was 4kg, a large fish. These fish have destroyed the Murray River. Once a clear watered river, it's now murky as these fish filter thru the silt on the river bed looking for food, constantly stirring up the silt. Imaged 1 in Jan | ||
Toothcarps Cyprinodontiformes (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Livebearer Poeciliidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Eastern Mosquitofish Gambusia holbrooki iNaturalist | If m | Thank you meta4 for identifying and Fubberpish for confirming the id of this species for us fubberpish said "Yep, bloody things are everywhere, they're a massive problem. they're super hardy fish, produce massive amounts of young very quickly and only take a few months to reach breeding age, so they are able to multiply extremely rapidly and survive in just about any body of fresh water. they were deliberately introduced to eat mosquito larvae - except native Australian fish like the Empire Gudgeon are actually better at mosquito control than the Mosquitofish!" Imaged 1 in Jan |
Animals (Animalia) - Chordates (Chordata) - Birds (Aves) - Introduced Species | ||||||||
Doves and Pigeons Columbiformes (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Dove and Pigeon Columbidae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Spotted Turtle-dove Spilopelia chinensis iNaturalist | If c |
Thank you Thomas Mesaglio for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Nov | ||||
Doves and Pigeons Columbiformes (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Dove and Pigeon Columbidae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Laughing Dove Spilopelia senegalensis iNaturalist | If |
Thank you Thomas Mesaglio for confirming the id of this species for us Photographed in a Zoo Imaged 1 in Oct | ||||
Perching Birds Passeriformes (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Weaver-finch Estrildidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Chestnut-Breasted Mannikin Lonchura castaneothorax iNaturalist | Ir a | Thank you Brendan Duggan for confirming the id of this species for us The 2 reasons for adding this, primarily Queensland, species are that
Imaged 2 in May | ||||
Perching Birds Passeriformes (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Sparrow Passeridae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | House Sparrow Passer domesticus iNaturalist | If e m a c | Thank you George Seagull for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in May |
Animals (Animalia) - Chordates (Chordata) - Mammals (Mammalia) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Even-toed Ungulates Artiodactyla (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Cloven-hoofed Mammal Bovidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Feral Goat Capra hircus iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Antoni Camozzato for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 3 in Apr(1) & Jul(2) | |||
Placental mammals Carnivora (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Canine Canidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Red Fox Vulpes vulpes iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Geoffrey Cox for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 3 in Jan(1), Sep(1) & Oct(1) | |||
Placental mammals Carnivora (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Cat Felidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Feral Cat Felis catus | If e m a r c | Imaged 1 in Aug | |||
Kangaroos & Wombats Diprotodontia (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Koala Phascolarctidae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Koala Phascolarctos cinereus ssp victor iNaturalist | Ir a | Thank you Terra Occ for confirming the id of this species for us While considered cute and cuddly, wild animals should not be approached. Animals that people hold in zoo's are tame. As with any large wild animal, they can inflict severe injuries if cornered. Having said that, they are not openly aggressive. A male's mating call is a loud, deep, sickening sound. It's a much bigger sound than their size suggests. This is on purpose; the ladies like their boys to be big, so the boys oblige They love stringy bark gum trees. We also often see them walking on the roads through the Adelaide Hills. You may think we've made a mistake ... of course Koala's aren't introduced! Well, yes they were; locally at least. Introduced to the Adelaide Hills in the middle of last century. So while an Australian native, not a native where these photo's were taken. This can be related to Cootamundra Wattle. A NSW native, now an "introduced" weed species in the Adelaide Hills. Similarly, can you image the destruction this species has caused to the local native environs. It's not their fault of course, should never have been located there in the first place. But Tourism is a powerful motivator in our Society. Imaged 7(2M) in Jan(1), Jul(1M), Oct(2), Nov(2) & Dec(1M) | |||
Hares & Rabbits Lagomorpha (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Hare & Rabbit Leporidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | European Hare Lepus europaeus iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Sea-Kangaroo for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 3 in Jan(1), Apr(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Hares & Rabbits Lagomorpha (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Hare & Rabbit Leporidae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Feral European Rabbit Oryctolagus cuniculus iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Josh Magro for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 7 in Jan(1), Feb(1), Mar(1), Jul(1), Oct(1), Nov(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Rodents Rodentia (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Murid Muridae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Western European House Mouse Mus musculus ssp domesticus iNaturalist | If e m a | Thank you Antoni Camozzato for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 4 in Jan(1), Mar(2) & Jun(1) | |||
Rodents Rodentia (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Murid Muridae (2 species 2 from Ellura) | Black Rat Rattus rattus iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you JosefNR for confirming the id of this species for us ~150mm long. It seems their tail is diagnostic. We are amazed we get such large, introduced animals out here in near desert Australia. Imaged 3 in Aug |
Animals (Animalia) - Molluscs (Mollusca) - Gastropods, Slugs, And Snails (Gastropoda) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Land Snails & Slugs Stylommatophora (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Typical Snail Helicidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Garden Snail Cornu aspersum iNaturalist | If e m a | Thank you Thomas Mesaglio & Dr Kevin Bonham AM for confirming the id of this species for us The shell was ~28mm long & ~23mm high. 4 eye stalks. They don't seem to have an obvious umbilicus (centre hole). They are very variable in colour & pattern making id difficult. We normally mirror some images to always have the head point to the left. Kevin said "As snails and slugs are not symmetrical it is best not to reverse photos of them as genuinely reversed specimens are very rare natural freaks." As such, we have now put them all in there natural orientation. Imaged 3 in Apr(2) & Dec(1) | |||
Land Snails & Slugs Stylommatophora (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Small Land Snail Hygromiidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Common White Snail Cernuella virgata iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Mike Burrell, Kevin Huang & Dr Kevin Bonham AM for confirming the id of this species for us These are easily confused with another introduced snail, the White Italian Snail (Theba pisana). The centre hole (the umbilicus) is covered, or nearly covered, with T. pisana. So a photo of the umbilicus is requred for definate identification. It was how we were able to id these specimens. Matt Parr from iNaturalist says that T. pisana has a flatter top/spire and more inflated shell than Cernuella virgata. Thanks Matt Imaged 4 in Jun(1), Jul(1), Oct(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Land Snails & Slugs Stylommatophora (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Keelback Slug Limacidae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Threeband Slug Ambigolimax sp iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Dr Kevin Bonham AM for confirming the id of this species for us It's not possible to separate these into species with dissection. We asked Kevin if this might be native. He said "All Ambigolimax in Australia, and anything else that looks like them, are introduced." When we querried the hole in it's side he said "That hole is the pneumostome or breathing pore. Normal feature." It's so weird that it's only on one side! On another obs, when comparing Limax sp to these, Kevin said "Limax often have well-defined stripes on the tail end but typically not on the mantle. There are a few here and there where the spotting on the mantle forms into irregular stripe-like markings, generally broader than on Ambigolimax. Some other differences include that the end of the tail in Limax tends to be sharply keeled and also the tubercles (ridges) on the tail end of Limax tend to be serrated-looking." Imaged 1 in May |
Fungi (Fungi) - Basidio (Basidiomycota) - Mushroom-forming Fungi (Agaricomycetes) - Introduced Species | ||||||
Gilled Fungi Agaricales (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Mushroom Amanitaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Fly Agaric Amanita muscaria iNaturalist | If a | Similar Species: Vermilion Grisette (Amanita xanthocephala) Thank you CesDaMess & Konan Farrelly-Horsfall for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in May |
Fungi (Fungi) - Chytridio (Chytridiomycota) - Rust Fungi (Chytridiomycetes) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Rusts Chytridiales (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Crowfoot Rust Synchytriaceae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Common Crowfoot Rust Synchytrium papillatum iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Sofia Zvolanek for confirming the id of this species for us This rust is growing on Common Crowfoot (Erodium cicutarium) which is an introduced species. We believe each species of this type of fungus evolves to only grow on one plant species. As such, this species of fungus must also be introduced? Imaged 2 in Jul |
Plants (Plantae) - Land Plants (Charophyta) - Land Plants (Equisetopsida) - Introduced Species | |||||||
Carrots Apiales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Carrot Apiaceae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Grey Hare's Ear Bupleurum semicompositum iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Darren Schmitke for identifying and Karen Weaving for confirming the id of this species for us A simple thank you just isn't enough. We didn't even know where to start with this species and Darren spent many evenings investigating it. After we had given up, and Darren almost had, he found it. We were elated and disappointed at the same time. Elated the puzzle was solved, but disappointed that after all that work it turned out to be an introduced species. Here's hoping that by being on this web site it helps others know they can remove it; and Darren's work will be put to good use. It occurs primarily in disturbed locations on Ellura and may be useful to reduce erosion while natives reclaim their ground. It's heaviest where we've removed heavy investations of onion weed, but doesn't have anywhere near the destructive properties of onion weed. As such, it's weak and natives are stronger. It is classed as "Naturalised" (a term we despise) and an "Environmental Weed" (ie it doesn't impact farmers crops). The flowers are tiny; and go against the rule of thumb of small flowers being native. They are petalless (petals 0). The apparant petals are actually 5 sepals which start green and turn red with age. The flower has 5 stamen. The 5 bracts (leaf like structures) are toothed and form a cup holding up to about 8 flowers. The flower heads are on varying length stalks (0 to ~10mm). A flower head can throw 5 stalks with more flower heads; in fact it'll even throw another "branch". The plant is almost grass like, with the base of each leaf curving round the stem at least at each branch. The branches are hexegon. The structure tends to create a ceme of flowers (ie one branch is a flower head, the other goes higher until another fork or terminates in a flowerhead). The flowers are on top of the fruit, which splits in 2 when it dries; and goes a pale lilac colour. While trying to describe this plant one realises why there are so many botanical terms to describe the huge array of features a plant can exhibit; in a succinct way, unlike this novel Imaged 11(7B,3Fl,5Fr) in Sep(4:3B), Oct(6:3B,2Fl,4Fr) & Nov(1:1B,1Fl,1Fr) | |||
Carrots Apiales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Pittosporum Pittosporaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Sweet Pittosporum Pittosporum undulatum iNaturalist | If a | Thank you John Tann for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Jun | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Asphodels Asphodelaceae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Onion Weed Asphodelus fistulosus iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Alan Dandie for confirming the id of this species for us #1 Enemy: Loves 250mm/yr rainfall. We have erradicated it. We still see new seedlings in "good" years, but in new locations, so brought in from neighbouring areas by wildlife. Will decimate an area, regardless of grazing, killing saltbush, zygophylum, etc, as it goes. Vigorous; will germinate, flower and seed within 3 weeks in spring. ~90% of seed germinates in first year in our area. Resilient: never leave removed plants on the ground. They will flower & seed (out of the ground)! Hard to poison. Needs good wetting agent. We're convinced Onion Weeds are Allelopathic; ie exude Allelochemicals to inhibit further germination of it's own seed. We found when we pulled all our large plants from Ellura in one season, they were then replaced the following season with millions of seedlings. Thanks to David Armstrong for letting us know about this phenomenon. We recognised it existed with onion weed, but didn't realise it was a recognised phenomenon; let alone had a name. We've written a discussion paper on this to help you control your outbreak. Click here to download (it's about 2.7mb) Updated 11 AM, 06 April 2014 The photo's here are explained in more detail in the discussion paper. You can see Brush Cutting (not on Ellura) only stopped it seeding, but grew over a hot dry summer. The Before & After photo's of our worst 3 acre patch on Ellura, after 12m of hard work. With the experiment of a seedling patch, you can see poisoning had the best results, after 2 months. Imaged 39 in Jan(2), Feb(3), Apr(4), May(2), Jun(2), Jul(8), Aug(5), Sep(5), Oct(3), Nov(2) & Dec(3) | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Iris Iridaceae (4 species 1 from Ellura) | Thread Iris Moraea setifolia iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Alan Dandie & Karen Weaving for confirming the id of this species for us Invasive throughout the region. Difficult to eradicate due to their thin leaf. Wombats like the bulbs and plough the soil searching for the them. This is not natural behaviour for them and is very destructive to the soil crust and natural order of things. Competes with native grasses. Has a single pale purple flower and two grass-like leaves (often one dries early leaving only one leaf). While it looks nothing like it many people think it's nut grass. Probably because the bulbs are like nuts and the few leaves are very grass like. The flower is a dead give away it's not grass. Kangaroos eat the dried leaves in summer. Possibly because other food is more scarce; or because it's weaker & easier to chew once it's died. It's leaves are incredibly strong & thin. When trying to pull out other weeds if you accidentally grab a Thread Iris leaf as well, you'll have no chance of getting either out. The green leaf is toxic to stock. Consumption of 1kg of green leaves will kill a cow within 24 hours. Wombats don't seem to be able to digest it very easily, so fill up on it and can starve to death if native grass food sources are not available. Imaged 19(8Fl,1Fr) in Apr(1), May(2), Jun(3), Sep(5:2Fl) & Oct(8:6Fl,1Fr) | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Iris Iridaceae (4 species 1 from Ellura) | Guildford Iris Romulea rosea var australis | If a |
NB: It's an iris, not a grass, so the old common name is very misleading Imaged 2 in Sep(1) & Oct(1) | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Iris Iridaceae (4 species 1 from Ellura) | Guildford Iris Romulea rosea var communis | If m a |
Imaged 2 in Sep | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Iris Iridaceae (4 species 1 from Ellura) | Guildford Iris Romulea rosea var reflexa | If a |
Imaged 1 in Sep | |||
Asparagus Asparagales (6 species 2 from Ellura) | Orchid Orchidaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | African Orchid Disa bracteata | If a |
A very invasive weed that's difficult to eradicate. Partly because they ALWAYS have two tubers. The first one comes up with the plant fairly easily, the second not so much. The second bulb will continue the plants life if not removed. Once the flower head has seeded it's very difficult to extract the plant without spreading seed further. The only way we know is to very genlty tilt the plant into a plastic bag (without any sudden movement) to catch anything that falls off and then dig it up. It's quite possible that cut & spray will work, but we haven't tried that. Imaged 20 in Jan(1), Mar(1), Aug(1), Sep(2), Oct(3), Nov(9) & Dec(3) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Capeweed Arctotheca calendula iNaturalist | If e m a | Thank you Dianne Clarke for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 5(1Fl) in Sep(1), Oct(2) & Nov(2:1Fl) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Saffron Thistle Carthamus lanatus iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us A few scattered plants found & removed from Ellura VERY prickly & stiff plant at all stages. Tall, green with cream/yellow flowers. Prickles will go straight through leather gloves, weed bags, etc. Imaged 5 in Apr(1), Jul(1), Oct(1) & Nov(2) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Maltese Cockspur Centaurea melitensis iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us A spindly thistle with small, spiny flowers and stiff, tall habit Imaged 6 in Jan(1), Apr(1), May(1), Oct(1), Nov(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Skeleton Weed Chondrilla juncea iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us Often looking leafless, these aptly named weeds are noxious flowering in summer. Yellow flower, with ridged buds, and a smooth stem. The basal leaves often dying off early leaving no trace. ~300mm high, with ~20mm diameter flowers & buds ~10mm long. Imaged 3 in Jan(1), Mar(1) & Nov(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Flaxleaf Fleabane Erigeron bonariensis iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us Mature plant is ~300mm tall; single stemed with flowers bunching at the top. The flowers don't have petals. Imaged 6 in Feb(3), Mar(2) & Apr(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Gazania Gazania x splendens iNaturalist | If e m a |
Thank you Steven Molteno for identifying and Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us We thought this was Gazania linearis. Imaged 14 in Jan(3), Feb(2), Mar(1), Apr(2), Aug(2), Sep(1), Oct(1), Nov(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Scotch Thistle Onopordum acanthium | If e m |
Larger & bushier than Saffron, harsh and prickly. Purple flowers Imaged 2 in Jun(1) & Aug(1) |
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Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Stemless Thistle Onopordum acaulon iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Kai-Philipp Schablewski for confirming the id of this species for us Scattered seedlings have been found & removed. All clear at this stage. Seedlings are soft and easy to handle. Mature plants are very prickly & large, making removal difficult. Slow growing and easy to find seedlings with regular inspections. Silver grey in colour and has no discernible stem Imaged 6 in Sep(2), Oct(3) & Nov(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | False Sowthistle Reichardia tingitana iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us In South Australia the maroon centre is diagnostic for this species. Shown here are examples to show variation, you through struggling to thriving. Notice the young flowers have less maroon than the older ones. Notice the unusual habit of stamen coming from behind the inner petals. No full seed shot as we never let them get that far if we can help it. They are victim, fortunately , to grazing, so sometimes tall and sometimes quite short. They love our heat and can withstand the low rainfall, but then in years like this (2022) where we've had 411mm to the end of Nov, they are flourishing. They are all coming out of the woodwork, but fortunately stand out in the crowd so easy to spot to remove. We thought they had gone, but no, clearly a long lived seed bank survives. Imaged 17(3B,5Fl,1Fr) in Jan(1), May(1), Aug(1), Sep(1), Oct(6:1B,2Fl), Nov(6:2B,2Fl) & Dec(1:1Fl,1Fr) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Creeping Groundsel Senecio angulatus iNaturalist | If a | Thank you InsideRelic for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 2 in Jun(1) & Jul(1) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Prickly Sow Thistle Sonchus asper iNaturalist | If e m a | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 4 in Oct(1) & Nov(3) | |||
Sunflowers Asterales (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Daisy Asteraceae (12 species 11 from Ellura) | Sow Thistle Sonchus oleraceus | If e m |
Imaged 9(2B,4Fl) in Aug(4:1Fl), Sep(1), Nov(3:2B,2Fl) & Dec(1Fl) |
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Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mustard Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (5 species 4 from Ellura) | Flax-leaf Alyssum Alyssum linifolium iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Renate and Glenys for identifying this species for us A very strange plant with brown, circular, flat, disk fruits. These discs dry to a paper thin shell, then drop the two seeds contained within. Also has strange tufted short hairs growing from it's leaves & stem. Imaged 13(1B,2Fl,5Fr) in Jun(1), Jul(4:1Fl,2Fr), Aug(6:1B,1Fl,3Fr) & Sep(2) | |||
Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mustard Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (5 species 4 from Ellura) | Wild Turnip Brassica tournefortii iNaturalist | If e m r |
Thank you Tony and Jenny Dominelli for confirming the id of this species for us Not a major problem at Ellura. Removed when found. One of the few plants than can grow under Mallee. Small yellow flower, long green seed pods. Tall, straggly, hairy stems with lobed leaves staying near the ground. Imaged 8(1Fl) in Jul(2), Aug(3), Sep(2) & Oct(1Fl) | |||
Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mustard Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (5 species 4 from Ellura) | Wards Weed Carrichtera annua | If e m | Invasive throughout the region. Difficult to eradicate as it's in such hugh numbers. The areas we have weeded have shown a big return of native forbs. Seedlings are purple before turning luscious green. Grazed by wombats & roos. Replaces native grass. Imaged 21(2B,8Fl,3Fr) in Jan(1), Feb(3), Mar(2), Apr(2:1B,1Fl), May(1), Jul(5:4Fl), Aug(5:1B,3Fl,2Fr) & Oct(2:1Fr) | |||
Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mustard Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (5 species 4 from Ellura) | Sweet Alyssum Lobularia maritima iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Jeanie Shelton
for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mustard Brassicaceae or Cruciferae (5 species 4 from Ellura) | Smooth Mustard Sisymbrium erysimoides | If e m |
Imaged 14(4B,5Fl,2Fr) in Jan(1), Jun(2), Jul(6:4B,5Fl,2Fr), Aug(2), Sep(1) & Oct(2) | |||
Mustards & Allies Brassicales (6 species 4 from Ellura) | Mignonette Resedaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Cut-leaf Mignonette Reseda luteola | If m |
Forms a large round rosette, then shoots tall seed heads. Very deep roots which easily break near the rosette to later recover. Manual removal requires as much root as possible to be removed. We remove at least 100mm. Imaged 2 in Apr(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Betalains Caryophyllales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Ice Plant Aizoaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Galenia Galenia secunda iNaturalist | If m |
Thank you Ernst Weiher for confirming the id of this species for us Has white or pink flowers. It's much hairier than it's relation, Aizoon pubescens, which is also introduced in Australia and seems more common. Imaged 1 in Sep | |||
Betalains Caryophyllales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Carnation Caryophyllaceae (4 species 2 from Ellura) | Mouse-ear Chickweed Cerastium glomeratum | If e m a | A hairy leaved weed. A white flower that has 5 petals which are deeply lobed and can look like 10 petals. On Ellura it is more prostrate than in the Adelaide Hills. Imaged 4 in Sep(2), Oct(1) & Nov(1) | |||
Betalains Caryophyllales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Carnation Caryophyllaceae (4 species 2 from Ellura) | Hairypink Petrorhagia dubia iNaturalist | If c |
Thank you BMCGoolie for confirming the id of this species for us In these photo's the flowers have a blue hue to them. This wasn't visible to the naked eye, so a camera artifact; not real. Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Betalains Caryophyllales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Carnation Caryophyllaceae (4 species 2 from Ellura) | Mallee Catchfly Silene apetala | If e m |
Tall straggly weed with tiny flowers. Imaged 21(1B) in Jun(1), Jul(1), Aug(9), Sep(6:1B), Oct(3) & Nov(1) | |||
Betalains Caryophyllales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Carnation Caryophyllaceae (4 species 2 from Ellura) | French Catchfly Silene gallica var gallica iNaturalist | If c |
Thank you Alan Dandie for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Vines Cucurbitales (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Gourd Cucurbitaceae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Paddymelon Citrullus colocynthis | If m |
These can grow much larger than shown here. But this is a good comparision between the smooth and prickly paddymelons, as well as a mallee leaf Imaged 1 in Jun | |||
Vines Cucurbitales (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Gourd Cucurbitaceae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Prickly Paddymelon Cucumis myriocarpus ssp myriocarpus | If m |
Imaged 1 in Jun | |||
Guinea-flowers Dilleniales (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Dillenia Dilleniaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Climbing Guinea-flower Hibbertia scandens iNaturalist | Ir a | Thank you Ralph Foster & Dr Timothy Hammer for identifying this species for us We thought this was Australian Buttercup (Ranunculus lappaceus) Timothy said this is "Likely a garden escapee" Imaged 5 in Jan(2), Nov(1) & Dec(2) | |||
Heathers & Allies Ericales (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Primrose Primulaceae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Scarlet Pimpernel Lysimachia arvensis var arvensis iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Jennifer Rycenga for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 4 in Apr(1) & Dec(3) | |||
Heathers & Allies Ericales (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Primrose Primulaceae (2 species 0 from Ellura) | Blue Scarlet Pimpernel Lysimachia loeflingii iNaturalist | If m |
Thank you Ernst Weiher for confirming the id of this species for us This is very difficult/nearly impossible to differentiate from Lysimachia foemina, except the latter hasn't been found in SA ... yet. Imaged 1 in Sep | |||
Legumes Fabales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Legume Fabaceae or Leguminosae (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Cape Broom Genista monspessulana iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Legumes Fabales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Legume Fabaceae or Leguminosae (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Burr Medic Medicago polymorpha | If e m |
Imaged 2 in Aug(1) & Oct(1) | |||
Legumes Fabales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Legume Fabaceae or Leguminosae (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Small-leaf Burr Medic Medicago praecox iNaturalist | If e m |
Thanks to Norbert Sauberer's assistance, this may be Medicago truncatula. Norbert said "The leaves of Medicago praecox are nearly glabrous." Imaged 12(1B,1Fl,3Fr) in Jun(2:1Fr), Jul(1), Aug(6) & Sep(3:1B,1Fl,2Fr) | |||
Legumes Fabales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Legume Fabaceae or Leguminosae (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Bridal Veil Broom Retama monosperma iNaturalist | If m | Thank you Ralph Foster for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Sep | |||
Legumes Fabales (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Legume Fabaceae or Leguminosae (5 species 2 from Ellura) | Subterraneum Clover Trifolium subterraneum | If a |
Imaged 4 in Oct(3) & Nov(1) | |||
Centauries Gentianales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Gentian Gentianaceae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Red Centaury Centaurium erythraea | If a | Similar Species: Branched Centaury (Centaurium tenuiflorum) You can see here that Red Centaury's habit is quite different to both Branched Centaury & Spike Centaury, but the flowers look identical from above. The basal leaves stay green during flowering while the other two dry up quickly. This species is also larger and more lucious than the other two. Imaged 7 in Jan(1), Sep(1), Nov(2) & Dec(3) | |||
Centauries Gentianales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Gentian Gentianaceae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Branched Centaury Centaurium tenuiflorum | If e m a | Similar Species: Spike Centaury (Schenkia australis) : Red Centaury (Centaurium erythraea) Can be difficult to distinguish from Spike Centaury on habit alone; particularly for small plants withonly one stem and one flower. However, the comparison of the sepals of the 3 similar plants here shows how unique Branched Centaury is from the other two with no distance between the tip of the sepals and the separation/bend of the petals. Imaged 2 in Jan(1) & Nov(1) | |||
Geraniums Geraniales (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Geranium Geraniaceae (1 species 1 from Ellura) | Common Crowfoot Erodium cicutarium | If e m a |
Imaged 17(1Fl) in Jan(1), Jun(2), Jul(4:1Fl), Aug(6) & Sep(4) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Forget-me-not Boraginaceae (3 species 2 from Ellura) | Corn Gromwell Buglossoides arvensis iNaturalist | If m |
Thank you Santiago Morales PP for confirming the id of this species for us A small slender, hairy plant that stands at ~200mm high. Flowers have 5 white petals and tiny at ~5mm across Imaged 2 in Sep | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Forget-me-not Boraginaceae (3 species 2 from Ellura) | Purple Peril Echium plantagineum | If e m a |
Imaged 5 in Apr(1), Jun(1), Oct(2) & Nov(1) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Forget-me-not Boraginaceae (3 species 2 from Ellura) | Hairy Sheepweed Neatostema apulum | If e m |
Imaged 9 in Mar(1), Oct(5) & Nov(3) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Mint Lamiaceae (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Horehound Marrubium vulgare iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Alan Dandie for confirming the id of this species for us #3 Enemy: Bush with green grey foliage, very hard to spot in saltbush. Hides well. Seeds last decades in the soil, so long term monitoring of an infected area is required to ensure it doesn't become re-established. Has little hooks on the seed pods that get stuck to animal fur (and socks!) which spreads the seed very effectively. With the recent flooding (2022) we found the first horehound, about to seed, for many years from an old seed bank. Imaged 8(1Fr) in Mar(1), May(1), Jul(1), Sep(1), Oct(3) & Dec(1Fr) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Mint Lamiaceae (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Wild Sage Salvia verbenaca var verbenaca iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Mark (Vandalsen) for confirming the id of this species for us We found one of these on Ellura and took forever to work it out. In worldwide, it is considered a synonym of Salvia verbanaca. However it's different. It's leaves are not as lobed and wider. It doesn't smell when crushed. It has red tints throughout the stems & leaves. Unfortunately the flower stem was eaten before we could get a photo of the flowers; only managing to photo buds. It is certainly a strong relationship, and a sub-species makes sense to us. But being a synonym doesn't. In the past they have been called "Type A" & "Type B". Now they have names. This sub-species is recognised on the Australian national ANBG/APNI web sites. Imaged 12(4B,3Fl) in Feb(1), Mar(3:2B), Apr(1), Jun(2), Sep(4:2B,3Fl) & Oct(1) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Mint Lamiaceae (3 species 3 from Ellura) | Wild Sage Salvia verbenaca var vernalis iNaturalist | If e m |
Thank you Mark (Vandalsen) for confirming the id of this species for us #2 Enemy: Called "Sage" due to its strong smell. Will decimate an area over time if allowed. Likes depressions. Currently invasive throughout Ellura. A staged approach will be used to eradicate: 1 Spray with Glyphosate on tracks (car, wombat & roo) to stop spread 2 Spray open & infested areas to stop volume seed generation 3 Manual removal from under natives (primarily saltbush) 4 Monitor infested areas for 10 years to finalise. Imaged 11(1Fl) in Jan(1), Feb(1), Mar(1), Apr(1), Jun(1), Aug(1), Sep(3:1Fl), Oct(1) & Nov(1) | |||
Mints Lamiales (7 species 5 from Ellura) | Plantain Plantaginaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Hairy Plantain Plantago bellardii iNaturalist | If c | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 2 in Oct | |||
Grasses & Sedges Poales (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Grass Poaceae (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Blowfly Grass Briza maxima iNaturalist | If a c |
Thank you Alan Dandie for confirming the id of this species for us One or 2 larger seed heads coming from the plant with a gentle curved stemmed, hanging down. Imaged 7 in Jan(1), Oct(4), Nov(1) & Dec(1) | |||
Grasses & Sedges Poales (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Grass Poaceae (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Little Quaking Grass Briza minor iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us Very similar to B. major. Here you see many seed heads coming/branching from the one plant Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Grasses & Sedges Poales (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Grass Poaceae (3 species 0 from Ellura) | Hare's-tail Grass Lagurus ovatus iNaturalist | If c | Thank you Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 1 in Oct | |||
Grevilleas Proteales (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Protea Proteaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Pincushion Hakea Hakea laurina iNaturalist | Ir c | Thank you David Muirhead for confirming the id of this species for us Regionally Introduced from Western Australia Imaged 1 in May | |||
Buttercups Ranunculales (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Poppy Papaveraceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Round Pricklyhead Poppy Papaver hybridum iNaturalist | If m |
Thank you Karen Weaving for confirming the id of this species for us Imaged 2(1Fl,1Fr) in Oct(1:1Fl,1Fr) & Nov(1) | |||
Potatoes Solanales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Nightshade Solanaceae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | African Boxthorn Lycium ferocissimum iNaturalist | If e m | Thank you Andrew Allanson for identifying and Alan Dandie
for confirming the id of this species for us These are a declared noxious weed. Ooops. We thought we had the native. Our specimens generally looked very sparse and easy to mistake with the native (Lycium australe) As soon as we realised (yesterday, 5 March 2014), we cut & swabbed them. This situation highlights the need for web sites like ours: To help land owners & conservationists identify introduced species & eradicate them; giving natives more resources (nutrients/water/space) to grow. Which in turn gives native animals better things to eat & places to live in. Notice how natives always seem to be attacked by insects but introduced species aren't? Native insects depend on native plants to survive as they don't recognise introduced plants as useful. Birds & lizards thrive on insects. Ergo; less weeds = more birds & lizards. We've heard that if all the insects died today, man-kind would be extinct in 6 months! We've had one growing for some 10 years, but it never flowered. We thought it might be Sweet Bursaria (Bursaria spinosa ssp spinosa), waiting for it to flower, but it never did. Finally in April 2022 it flowered, nearly 10 years after we discovered it and it was a typical African Boxthorn flower. It's now been removed. Imaged 23(3B,7Fl,3Fr) in Jan(1:1Fl,1Fr), Feb(2:1Fl), Mar(3:1B,1Fl), Apr(1Fl), May(1), Jun(1:1Fl,1Fr), Jul(3:1B,1Fl), Aug(3:1B,1Fl), Sep(4:1Fr), Oct(3) & Dec(1) | |||
Potatoes Solanales (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Nightshade Solanaceae (2 species 1 from Ellura) | Silverleaf Nightshade Solanum elaeagnifolium | If m |
Similar Species: Silver Goodenia (Goodenia willisiana) Thank you Andrew Allanson for identifying this species for us Imaged 1 in Dec |
Plants (Plantae) - Liverworts (Marchantiophyta) - Liverworts (Marchantiopsida) - Introduced Species | ||||||
Crescent Liverworts Lunulariales (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Crescent Liverwort Lunulariaceae (1 species 0 from Ellura) | Crescent-cup Liverwort Lunularia cruciata iNaturalist | If a | Thank you Dr Guido Brusa for confirming the id of this species for us The Gemma here look like spores capsules in other life forms, with the cups looking like fruiting bodies. However, the Gemma are actually parts of the plant that disperse (similarly to seed & spores) and take root. Instead of being wind blown, these are dispersed by raindrops hitting the cup. The big difference is these are not produce sexually, but more a broken off part of the plant. Thinking of it as a plant that has suckered from roots. The new plant becomes independant of the original, but is a clone of the original. Imaged 3 in May(1) & Sep(2) |
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